Linked below are selected publications by Dr. John Kasarda addressing the basics of airport city and aerotropolis planning and development. Additional articles can be found on the publications link of www.aerotropolisbusinessconcepts.aero.
Artificial intelligence is elevating the form and functions of airports, airport cities, and aerotropolises. AI applications and their potential for improved land-use and facilities design, safety and security, sustainability, enterprise operations, workforce skills, mobility, community engagement, and quality of life in these aviation-dependent ecosystems are put forth to advance the Aerotropolis 4.0 model and airport region planning.
The Zhengzhou Airport Economy Zone (ZAEZ) is executing the Aerotropolis 4.0 model to become a hub of China's Fourth Industrial Revolution. This 75-page booklet illustrates how the Zone is accomplishing 4.0 economy objectives by expanding its aviation networks, integrated multimodal surface transportation assets, smart logistics infrastructure, new-generation business services and industries, and skilled human resources. These strategic advances are reinforced by the ZAEZ's development of lifestyle, digital, institutional, R&D, and urban amenities that appeal to innovative 4.0 economy firms and their well-educated, talented employees.
Distinguishing features of globally leading air logistics hubs are presented along with what makes them preferred locations for time-sensitive modern industries. The assessment concludes with 15 recommendations for airports and airport regions to become world-class air logistics complexes.
The rapid aviation and commercial growth of the Zhengzhou Airport Economy Zone between 2013 and 2023 are discussed, and why the Zone has been labeled China's Aerotropolis. Pivotal to this growth have been the important roles Zhengzhou International Airport and its surrounding economic area have played in producing and shipping high-value, time-critical industrial output abroad, especially smartphones, along with favorable industrial recruitment incentives and labor attraction policies.
A new aerotropolis model is presented that integrates 4.0 economy sectors with smart technologies and sustainable development practices to create and capture value for airports and the regions they serve. Commercial, institutional, and modern industrial components of the 4.0 Aerotropolis are provided in the form of a generic schematic as are its strategic success factors. A selection of airports and airport regions pursuing Aerotropolis 4.0 principles are discussed, as well.
Interview of Dr. John Kasarda on how airport city and aerotropolis development is proceeding worldwide as the Covid pandemic turns down. Some new initiatives and new airport city/aerotropolis features are discussed as well.
The growth of the Zhengzhou Aerotropolis is highlighted through mid-2021. Focus is on infrastructure and commercial components of Zhengzhou Xinzheng International Airport, the Comprehensive Bonded Zone, and the 415-square-kilometer Zhengzhou Airport Economy Zone that makes up the aerotropolis.
In this article, Mark Arend, editor of Site Selection magazine, interviews John D. Kasarda on the emergence of Lake Nona in Orlando, Florida as a major new component of a greater aerotropolis forming around Orlando International Airport.
Centered on Incheon International Airport (ICN), South Korea's Incheon Aerotropolis is a global leader in aviation-linked commercial development and smart technology applications. This report details the evolution of ICN, its Air-City, and key outlying nodes such as Songdo International Business District (Songdo IBD), drawing lessons for the planning and development of other airports, airport cities, and aerotropolises around the world.
How are the world’s airport city/aerotropolis developments faring? Some hugely ambitious projects in the Asia-Pacific region come under the microscope in the first of a two-part global review by Dr John Kasarda.
Airport City and aerotropolis developments in Europe, the Americas, Africa, and the Middle East are updated. Consideration is also given to the implications of the coronavirus for the future of aviation and what the combined 2020 health, economic, and aviation crises portends for airport city and aerotropolis development.
This article provides updates as of early 2019 on the Zhengzhou Airport Economy Zone in Zhengzhou, China. The updates focus on investment and industrial development in the Zone that have added to its reputation as China's Aerotropolis.
Definitions, key components, and underlying drivers of the aerotropolis and aerotropolis model are presented along with planning principles, critiques, and counterpoints.
The aerotropolis model is being widely adopted throughout China with more than 100 of its airports and their surrounding areas applying its principles. Leading the way is the Zhengzhou Airport Economy Zone whose remarkable achievements since 2013 in industrial investment, economic output, and aviation-linked trade have earned the reputation as China's Aerotropolis.
Aerotropolis master plans to date have consisted mainly of elaborations of proposed commercial land use and urban design renderings along with recommendations for improved airport region surface transportation infrastructure. Much less attention has been given to the strategic, economic, and real estate investment issues that determine whether proposed aerotropolis commercial development would actually occur.
A massive planned economic zone around Zhengzhou (China) International Airport is evolving geared to high-end manufacturing and modern business services. This zone is already the world's single largest platform for smartphone production. Factors contributing to its emergence and growth are described.
The aerotropolis as a new urban form is highlighted along with its value proposition for firms and urban regions.
The opportunities and challenges of developing Sydney’s second commercial airport are discussed. Recommendations and action steps are proposed to construct an aerotropolis around it as well as make the new airport financially viable.
China is engaged in an airport construction boom that is transforming the country. The relative financial merits of the construction boom are discussed in terms of cost and ultimate returns to local and regional economies.
Airports have become not just 21st century business magnets, but also regional economic accelerators, catalyzing and driving business development outward for many miles.
International gateway airports are shaping business development and establishing new urban power centers around the world. The commercial anatomy of today's air gateways is examined and why they have become critical infrastructure for firms and regions to compete in an emerging era where economies of speed are as important as economies of scale and economies of scope.
Aerotropolis planning principles are provided to improve (1) people and logistics mobility, (2) airport area land use and community development, and (3) firm and regional competitiveness. Focus is on creating new "economies of speed" in goods and services trade through better local and global aerotropolis connectivity with coordinated business siting.
Also available at www.airport-world.com
Airport City and aerotropolis development is gaining substantial traction, multiplying rapidly around the world. With cities now being built around airports, rather than the reverse, propitious opportunities await metropolitan regions that can marshal the vision, planning skills, and coordinated actions to capitalize on them.
As air transport for leisure trips, business travel and goods shipment increased rapidly over the past several decades, the emergence of airport cities has been hypothesised. Busy commercial airports may be emerging as central transport nodes in large metropolitan areas, much as ports and rail terminals were in the past, anchoring employment servicing passengers, facilitating frequent travellers and providing a spatial focus for unrelated firms. An analysis of small-area employment data for the areas surrounding 25 major US airports and the related central cities reveals the concentration of employment within 2.5 miles of these airports to be substantial—approximately half that within 2.5 miles of the central point of the corresponding CBDs—and growing. The analysis refocuses a question about the nature of spatial differentiation within metropolitan regions supporting multiple employment nodes.
Stephen Appold and John D. Kasarda are in the Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise, University of North Carolina, CB 3440 Chapel Hill, 27599-3440, USA. Email: appold@unc.edu and John_Kasarda@unc.edu.
Brazil's Belo Horizonte International Airport went from stagnation to major growth success, but it took bold government decisions, and substantial investment in connecting surface transportation infrastructure.
"International airline routes are the quintessential manifestation of 21st-century globalization. They are our high-speed physical Internet, moving people and products quickly and efficiently over long distances. Airports are its routers, attracting time-critical, globally oriented businesses of all types to their environs creating a new urban form – the Aerotropolis."
John D. Kasarda
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"Two miles of road or rail will take people and products two miles; two miles of runway will take them almost anywhere in the world."
John D. Kasarda
"The aerotropolis is the physical incarnation of globalization made concrete in urban form reflecting local interfaces of worldwide airborne flows of people and products."
John D. Kasarda
"In today's turbulent, speed-driven economy, it is no longer the big eating the small, but the fast eating the slow."
John D. Kasarda
"Airports are not just trade facilitators; they are trade creators by quickly connecting businesspeople and high-value, time-critical products to distant customers and markets."
John D. Kasarda
"Cities used to be almost exclusively destinations and airports solely places of departure. Now airports are becoming destinations and cities places of departure as their residents and workers increasingly travel to emerging airport cities and aerotropolises around the world."
John D. Kasarda
"Under Global City 4.0, exports of knowledge-based, information-intensive business services – delivered to distant sites by air traveling auditors, consultants, corporate lawyers, investment bankers, marketers, and professionals of all types – will far eclipse the value of the Global City’s goods exports."
John D. Kasarda
"As our world becomes increasingly networked, ever-greater amounts of commerce will flow to and through its hubs, especially its major air hubs and the metropolitan regions they serve, creating a global hierarchy of aerotropolises established by the strength of air hub connectivity and resulting value of goods and services trade generated."
John D. Kasarda
"Where aviation thrives, the metropolitan region thrives."
John D. Kasarda
"One objective of my aerotropolis writings and commentary is to stimulate critical thought and healthy debate resulting in more-informed actions."
John D. Kasarda
